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Clara Peeters (probably Antwerp 1594 – possibly after 1657) was a still-life painter who came from Antwerp and trained in the tradition of Flemish Baroque painting, but probably made her career mostly in the new Dutch Republic, as part of Dutch Golden Age painting. From dates on her paintings, she was fully active between 1607 and 1621, but after that the picture is less clear, though works were produced until the mid-1630s. Many aspects of her life and work remain very unclear, especially outside the period 1607 to 1621, when she was between 13/14 and 28 years old according to the usual dating.〔Gaze, p. 535〕 As Seymour Slive puts it "Not a single uncontested document has surfaced about her life but there is reason to believe she was active in both Flanders and Holland."〔Slive, 281〕 She was unusual for her time in being a female painter, and is the earliest significant woman painter of the Dutch Golden Age; if regarded as a Flemish painter, she was the most famous woman of the 17th century.〔Vlieghe, 10〕 Most other female Dutch painters also specialized in still-lifes, which did not require knowledge of anatomy, among other advantages for women. Unlike Maria van Oosterwyck and Rachel Ruysch, who specialized in flower painting, Peeters painted mostly subjects including food, and was prominent among the artists who shaped the traditions of the Dutch ''ontbijtjes'', "breakfast pieces" with plain food and simple vessels, and ''banketje'', "banquet pieces" with expensive cups and vessels in precious metals.〔Gaze, p. 534-7〕 More than any other artist, her works often include careful depictions of different types of cheese, still a food taken very seriously by the Dutch. ==Life== Little is known about the life of Clara Peeters. It is traditionally agreed by scholars that her work appears to indicate she was from Antwerp. The Antwerp community archives includes a record of a Clara Peeters, daughter of Jean (Jan) Peeters, baptized on 15 May 1594 in the Church of St. Walburga.〔Harris, Ann Sutherland, Linda Nochlin. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. ''Women Artists, 1550-1950''. Los Angeles; New York: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Distributed by Random House, 1976.〕 A second document indicates a marriage between Clara Peeters and Hendrick (Henri) Joosen on 31 May 1639, in the same church.〔Decoteau, Pamela Higgs. ''Clara Peeters, 1594- ca 1640, ''Germany, Lingen: Luca Verlag, 1992.〕 If she, indeed, is the Clara Peeters of these two documents, who married Henri Joosen, this would indicate both that her earliest dated paintings were done when she was 14, and that she was forty-five years old at her marriage; the average age of brides in the early modern era was about eighteen.〔Fairchilds, Cissie C. ''Women in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1700''. Harlow, England; New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007.〕 Although it was unusual to marry so late, it was not unheard of, especially among female artists. For example, Sofonisba Anguissola, famous sixteenth-century artist, married at nearly forty years of age.〔Perlingieri, Ilya Sandra. ''Sofonisba Anguissola: The First Great Woman Artist of the Renaissance''. New York: Rizzoli, 1992.〕 Some scholars have doubted that the works of the years from 1607 can have been done by one so young, and posited that she was perhaps some ten years older.〔Vlieghe, 217, and note 52 (p. 297).〕 Some have suggested that in light of there not being any evident work by Peeters after the mid-1630s, she ceased painting after her marriage (as for example Judith Leyster effectively did). She travelled and was established in Amsterdam by 1611, and is documented in The Hague in 1617.〔Wilenski, R.H. ''Flemish Painters 1430–1830''. New York: Viking Press, 1960.〕 Because of the number of apparent copies of her work by various hands, some speculate that at some time she headed a small school of artists.〔 No certificate indicating Peeters' date of death has been found; however, scholars speculate various dates: 1621; after 1654; after 1657; 1659 and 1676.〔 A painting supposedly by her and dated 1657 was recorded but is now lost; this is much later than the dating given to her surviving works. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clara Peeters」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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